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- $Unique_ID{BRK03965}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Mannosidosis}
- $Subject{Mannosidosis Lysosomal Alpha-D-Mannosidase Deficiency
- Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type I Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 420:
- Mannosidosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Mannosidosis) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Lysosomal Alpha-D-Mannosidase Deficiency
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Mucopolysaccharidosis, Type I
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Mannosidosis is a genetic disorder characterized by a lysosomal enzyme
- deficiency resulting in progressive mental and physical deterioration. A
- deficiency of the enzyme alpha-D-mannosidase causes the symptoms of this
- disorder which can vary in severity. Symptoms of the most severe form may
- begin within the first year of life while a milder form may begin during
- juvenile or adult years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of the most severe form of Mannosidosis may begin within the first
- year of life. This form is characterized by rapid progression of mental
- retardation, liver and spleen enlargement, skeletal abnormalities, and coarse
- facial features. A milder form of this disorder involves normal early
- development although mild to moderate mental retardation may develop during
- childhood or adolescence. The clinical progression of the disease appears to
- slow down or stop beyond school age in some patients.
-
- Facial abnormalities such as a prominent forehead and jaw, a flattened
- nose, widely spaced or unevenly developed teeth, a thick tongue and lips, and
- clouded eye lenses or corneas may develop in both forms of Mannosidosis. The
- abdomen may become distended with enlargement of the liver and spleen.
- Growth rates can fluctuate with accelerated early growth, but subsequent
- impaired growth causing short stature. Thin arms and/or legs with stiff
- joints may develop. Spinal abnormalities may lead to extreme curvature in
- some cases. A diminished immune system response can make patients overly
- susceptible to bacterial infections, particularly of the respiratory system.
- Hearing loss may occur in either form of Mannosidosis.
-
- Causes
-
- Mannosidosis is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. (Human traits
- including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of
- two genes for that condition, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives
- one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier
- for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting
- the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
- be genetically normal.)
-
- Symptoms are caused by an inborn error of enzyme metabolism involving
- abnormal accumulations of carbohydrate compounds (mannose-rich glycoproteins
- and oligosaccharides) in various tissues and body fluids.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Mannosidosis is a very rare disorder probably affecting only a few hundred
- people in the United States. This disorder affects males and females in
- equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to Mannosidosis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS disorders) are a group of rare genetic
- disorders caused by the deficiency of one of ten specific lysosomal enzymes,
- resulting in an inability to metabolize complex carbohydrates
- (mucopolysaccharides) into simpler molecules. The accumulation of these
- large, undegraded mucopolysaccharides in the cells of the body causes a
- number of physical symptoms and abnormalities. A deficiency of the enzyme
- alpha-L-iduronidase causes symptoms of Type I MPS disorders. (For more
- information on MPS Disorders, choose "MPS" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy (Mucolipidosis III) is a genetic disorder
- beginning during childhood. This disorder is characterized by symptoms such
- as painless joint stiffness, decreased mobility, short stature, some
- coarseness of the facial features, mild mental retardation, multiple
- defective bone formations, and aortic valve heart disease. Mobility may
- gradually diminish until puberty after which no further changes occur.
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy is a milder form of I-cell Disease (Mucolipidosis
- II). (For more information on Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy, use "I-Cell" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Mannosidosis is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic counseling
- may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Bone marrow transplants as a means of enzyme replacement is under
- investigation for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders, such as
- Mannosidosis. More research is needed before direct enzyme replacement
- therapy or bone marrow transplants can be recommended for use in treating
- patients with Mannosidosis.
-
- Pediatric hematologists are developing an international registry for
- Blackfan-Diamond Anemia. Families are urged to contact:
-
- Dr. Blanche P. Alter
- Mt. Sinai Medical Center
- Division of Hematology
- One Gustave Levy Place
- New York, NY 10029
- (212) 241-8109
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Mannosidosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 736-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
-